Tour around Africa: Stage 64 - Moi-Mombasa (HKMO) a
Kilimanjaro (HTKJ)
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of this Flight Plan (.PLN file)
In this VFR - GPS Flight Plan we take off from
the runway 21 of the Airport of Moi-Mombasa (HKMO), fly to the northwest
towards the Kilimanjaro mountain and land in the Kilimanjaro
international airport (HTKJ)
In this journey around Africa I have used the Cessna 172S
(Skyhawk)
Take off from the runway 21 of the Airport of Moi-Mombasa (HKMO).
Moi International Airport (IATA: MBA, ICAO: HKMO) is an international
airport in Mombasa, the second-largest city in Kenya. In 2020, the airport
was heralded as the "Best Airport in Africa" (with under 2 million
passengers annually) by Airports Council International.
Moi International Airport serves the city of Mombasa and
surrounding communities. It lies approximately 425 kilometres (264 mi), by
air, southeast of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest and
busiest airport in the country. Mombasa Airport is operated by Kenya
Airports Authority. It was named after former Kenyan President Daniel arap
Moi during his tenure.
At 61 metres (200 ft) above sea level, the airport has two runways:
Runway 1 (3/21) measures 3,350 metres (10,990 ft) in length and is equipped
with an ILS instrument landing system. Runway 2 (15/33) measures 1,260
metres (4,130 ft) in length. Both runways are bitumen paved.
There are two terminals at the airport. Terminal 1 is primarily used for
international flights, while Terminal 2 is used for domestic flights. Some
airlines such as Kenya Airways use Terminal 1 for both domestic and
international.
In September 2018, it was confirmed that Qatar Airways would be
introducing four weekly flights to Mombasa operating with the A320. The
first flight commenced on 11 December 2018, with a flight time from Doha of
just over 6 hours. (*1)
Right after takeoff we turn inland to the northwest.
Some rain in our path. Flying towards the rainbow.
Flying towards the Amboseli park there are good
views of the Kilimanjaro mountain and its highest peak (Uhuru).
Flying over the Amboseli park.
Amboseli National Park, formerly Maasai Amboseli Game Reserve, is a
national park in Loitoktok District in Kajiado County, Kenya. It is 39,206
ha (392.06 km2) in size at the core of an 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi) ecosystem
that spreads across the Kenya-Tanzania border. It harbours 400 species of
birds including water birds like pelicans, kingfishers, crakes, hamerkop and
47 raptor species. The local people are mainly Maasai.
The park protects two of the five main swamps and includes a dried-up
Pleistocene lake and semiarid vegetation.
Mount Kilimanjaro is in the background. In 1883, Jeremy Thompson was the
first European to penetrate the feared Maasai region known as Empusel
(meaning 'salty, dusty place' in Maa). He, too, was astonished by the
fantastic array of wildlife and the contrast between the arid areas of the
dry lake bed and the oasis of the swamps, a contrast that persists today.
Amboseli was set aside as the Southern Reserve for the Maasai in 1906 but
returned to local control as a game reserve in 1948. Gazetted a national
park in 1974 to protect the core of this unique ecosystem, it was declared a
UNESCO site in 1991. The park earned $3.5 m (€2.9 m) in 2005. On 29
September 2005, Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki declared that control of the
park should pass from the Kenya Wildlife Service to the Olkejuado County
Council and the Maasai tribe. Some observers saw this as a political favour
in advance of a vote on a new Kenyan constitution; legal challenges are
currently in court. The degazetting would divert park admission fees
directly to the county council with shared benefits to the Maasai
immediately surrounding the park. (*1)
Now flying towards the Kilimanjaro and entering Tanzania.
Ascending towards the Uhuru peak (5,895m / 19,340 ft).
Due to the altitude limitation of the Cessna 172S it is not possible to
fly over the summit, so we limit to ascending as much as possible and
passing over one of the slopes.
The summit of the Kilimanjaro from the highest altitude
the Cessna 172S can fly.
Mount Kilimanjaro (/ˌkɪlɪmənˈdʒɑːroʊ/) is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.
It is the highest mountain in Africa and the highest free-standing mountain
above sea level in the world, situated at 5,895 m (19,341 ft) above sea
level and 4,900 m (16,100 ft) above its plateau base. It is also the highest
volcano in the Eastern Hemisphere and the fourth most topographically
prominent peak on Earth.
Kilimanjaro's southern and eastern slopes served as the home of the
Chagga Kingdoms until their abolition in 1963 by Julius Nyerere. The origin
and meaning of the name Kilimanjaro is unknown, but may mean "mountain of
greatness" or "unclimbable". Although described in classical sources, German
missionary Johannes Rebmann is credited as the first European to report the
mountain's existence, in 1848. After several European attempts, Hans Meyer
reached Kilimanjaro's highest summit in 1889.
The mountain was incorporated into Kilimanjaro National Park in 1973. As
one of the Seven Summits, Kilimanjaro is a major hiking and climbing
destination. There are seven established routes to Uhuru Peak, the
mountain's highest point. Although not as technically challenging as similar
mountains, the prominence of Kilimanjaro poses a serious risk of altitude
sickness.
One of several mountains arising from the East African Rift, Kilimanjaro
was formed from volcanic activity over 2 million years ago. Its slopes host
montane forests and cloud forests. Multiple species are endemic to Mount
Kilimanjaro, including the giant groundsel Dendrosenecio kilimanjari. The
mountain possesses a large ice cap and the largest glaciers in Africa,
including Credner Glacier, Furtwängler Glacier, and the Rebmann Glacier.
This ice cap is rapidly shrinking, with over 80% lost in the 20th century.
The cap is projected to disappear entirely by the mid-21st century. (*1)
Mount Meru and Arusha National Park, some miles away
to the west from Kilimanjaro.
Mount Meru is a dormant stratovolcano located 70 kilometres (43 mi) west
of Kilimanjaro in southeast Arusha Region, Tanzania. At a height of
4,562.13 metres (14,968 ft), it is visible from Mount Kilimanjaro on a
clear day, and is the fifth-highest of the highest mountain peaks of
Africa, dependent on definition.
Mount Meru is located just north of the city of Arusha, in the Arusha
Region of Tanzania. It is the second-highest mountain in Tanzania, after
Mount Kilimanjaro. Mount Meru is also the highest mountain/point in Arusha
Region. The Momella route – which starts at Momella gate, on the eastern
side of the mountain – is used to climb Mount Meru.
Mount Meru's lavas are alkaline in character and include nephelinite.
Much of the mountain's height was lost about 7,800 years ago due to a summit
collapse. Mount Meru most recently had a minor eruption in 1910. The several
small cones and craters seen in the vicinity probably reflect numerous
episodes of volcanic activity. Mount Meru's caldera is 2.2 miles (3.5 km)
wide.
Mount Meru is the topographic centerpiece of Arusha National Park. Its
fertile slopes rise above the surrounding savanna and support a forest that
hosts diverse wildlife, including nearly 400 species of birds, as well as
monkeys and leopards.
The movie Hatari! was filmed at the foot of Mountain Meru. (*1)
Mount Meru's caldera.
Mount Meru's caldera is 2.2 miles (3.5 km) wide. Much of the mountain's
height was lost about 7,800 years ago due to a summit collapse.
Flying over the city of Arusha while descending towards
our destination.
Arusha is a Tanzania region, with a population of 2,356,255 per 2022
census. Its capital city, referred to as Arusha city, is populated with over
617,631 people.
Located below Mount Meru on the eastern edge of the eastern branch of the
Great Rift Valley, Arusha region has a temperate climate. The region is
close to the Serengeti National Park, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Lake
Manyara National Park, Olduvai Gorge, Tarangire National Park, Mount
Kilimanjaro, and Mount Meru in the Arusha National Park.
The region is a major international diplomatic hub. It hosts the African
Court of the African Union and is the capital of the East African Community.
From 1994 to 2015, the region also hosted the International Criminal
Tribunal for Rwanda, but that entity has ceased operations. Currently, it
hosts one of the branches of the United Nations International Residual
Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals.
Arusha is a multicultural region with a majority Tanzanian population of
mixed backgrounds: indigenous African, Arab-Tanzanian and Indian-Tanzanian
population, plus a small European and North American minority population.
Religions of the Arusha region population include Christianity, Islam,
Sikhism and Hinduism. (*1)
Final approach to runway 09 of the Kilimanjaro
international airport (HTKJ).
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(*1) Credits: The descriptive texts are mainly an
excerpt of those provided by
Wikipedia. Visit
Wikipedia to read
the full descriptions.
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